Lesson 4.1.3 · El tiempo
⏳ Weeks, Years & Seasons
Manizales doesn't really have four seasons — it has 'season of rain' and 'season of more rain'. Still, the vocabulary matters.
Sub-lessons
Break this lesson into focused chunks. Each sub-lesson has its own Memory Lab — active recall, mnemonics, elaboration, interleaved review, and shadowing — scoped to just those words.
Weeks & weekends
Pattern repeats: 'pasado/a' for last, 'próximo/a' for next. 'El fin de semana' = the weekend, literally 'the end of week'.
the week
last week
next week
next Friday
last Tuesday
the weekend
Example sentences
Necesito la semana, por favor.
I need the week, please.
¿Dónde está la semana pasada?
Where is the last week?
Me gusta la próxima semana.
I like the next week.
Mini-diálogo
¿Dónde está la semana?
Where is the week?
Me gusta la semana pasada.
I like the last week.
Years
Mind the ñ in año — without it you've said something rude. 'Este año' = this year.
the year
this year
last year
next year
Example sentences
Necesito el año, por favor.
I need the year, please.
Siempre digo: "este año".
I always say, "this year."
Me gusta el año pasado.
I like the last year.
Mini-diálogo
¿Dónde está el año?
Where is the year?
Una persona amable diría: "este año".
A kind person would say, "this year."
Seasons
Otoño covers both 'autumn' and 'fall'. In equatorial Colombia, locals usually talk about 'temporada de lluvias' (rainy season) and 'temporada seca' instead.
the spring
the summer
the autumn / the fall
the winter
in winter
last winter
next winter
Example sentences
Necesito la primavera, por favor.
I need the spring, please.
¿Dónde está el verano?
Where is the summer?
Me gusta el otoño.
I like the autumn / the fall.
Mini-diálogo
¿Dónde está la primavera?
Where is the spring?
Me gusta el verano.
I like the summer.
Memory lab
Five research-backed techniques — active recall, mnemonics, elaboration, interleaving, and production — applied to this lesson's vocabulary. Your progress trains a spaced-repetition schedule under the hood.
Force the answer from memory before peeking. The struggle is the workout — that's the testing effect.
Recall from English
the week
Practice exercises
Test what stuck. Multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank — pulled live from this lesson's vocabulary.
el próximo viernes
the autumn / the fall
el fin de semana
the spring
this year
el invierno
Fill the blank
Me gusta el _____ pasado.
I like the last year.
Fill the blank
Me gusta el _____.
I like the autumn / the fall.
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